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The Portable Network Graphics library (libpng) 1.0.15 and earlier allows attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a malformed PNG image file that triggers an error that causes an out-of-bounds read when creating the error message.
Use CWE-125, Libpng vendor hub and Libpng product page to widen CVE-2004-0421 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2026-25646, CVE-2026-33636 and CVE-2026-33416 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.