Apache Tomcat 4.1.0 through 4.1.39, 5.5.0 through 5.5.27, and 6.0.0 through 6.0.18, when FORM authentication is used, allows remote attackers to enumerate valid usernames via requests to /j_security_check with malformed URL encoding of passwords, related to improper error checking in the (1) MemoryRealm, (2) DataSourceRealm, and (3) JDBCRealm authentication realms, as demonstrated by a % (percent) value for the j_password parameter.
Use CWE-200, Apache vendor hub and Tomcat product page to widen CVE-2009-0580 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2026-29145, CVE-2026-34487 and CVE-2026-34486 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.