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Exim 4.72 and earlier allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging the ability of the exim user account to specify an alternate configuration file with a directive that contains arbitrary commands, as demonstrated by the spool_directory directive.
Use CWE-77, Exim vendor hub and Exim product page to widen CVE-2010-4345 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2023-42117, CVE-2023-42116 and CVE-2023-42115 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.