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Nextcloud Server before 10.0.1 & ownCloud Server before 9.0.6 and 9.1.2 suffer from Stored XSS in CardDAV image export. The CardDAV image export functionality as implemented in Nextcloud/ownCloud allows the download of images stored within a vCard. Due to not performing any kind of verification on the image content this is prone to a stored Cross-Site Scripting attack.
Use CWE-79, Nextcloud vendor hub and Nextcloud Server product page to widen CVE-2016-9465 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2025-59788, CVE-2025-47790 and CVE-2025-66512 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.