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CouchDB administrative users can configure the database server via HTTP(S). Some of the configuration options include paths for operating system-level binaries that are subsequently launched by CouchDB. This allows an admin user in Apache CouchDB before 1.7.0 and 2.x before 2.1.1 to execute arbitrary shell commands as the CouchDB user, including downloading and executing scripts from the public internet.
Use CWE-78, Apache vendor hub and Couchdb product page to widen CVE-2017-12636 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2022-24706, CVE-2020-1955 and CVE-2017-12635 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.