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The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Microsoft Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, and 1703, and Windows Server 2016, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 and 2016, does not properly scan a specially crafted file leading to memory corruption. aka "Microsoft Malware Protection Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", a different vulnerability than CVE-2017-8538 and CVE-2017-8541.
Use CWE-787, Microsoft vendor hub and Malware Protection Engine product page to widen CVE-2017-8540 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2021-42298, CVE-2021-34471 and CVE-2021-34464 for nearby disclosures in the same product family. Additional editorial context is available in Weekly Security Roundup: Navigating the April 2026 Threat Landscape and Critical Framework Exploits.