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In Apache Spark 2.4.5 and earlier, a standalone resource manager's master may be configured to require authentication (spark.authenticate) via a shared secret. When enabled, however, a specially-crafted RPC to the master can succeed in starting an application's resources on the Spark cluster, even without the shared key. This can be leveraged to execute shell commands on the host machine. This does not affect Spark clusters using other resource managers (YARN, Mesos, etc).
Use CWE-306, Apache vendor hub and Spark product page to widen CVE-2020-9480 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2022-33891, CVE-2019-20445 and CVE-2025-54920 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.