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The fix issued for CVE-2020-17530 was incomplete. So from Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.29, still some of the tag’s attributes could perform a double evaluation if a developer applied forced OGNL evaluation by using the %{...} syntax. Using forced OGNL evaluation on untrusted user input can lead to a Remote Code Execution and security degradation.
Use CWE-917, Apache vendor hub and Struts product page to widen CVE-2021-31805 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2020-17530, CVE-2023-50164 and CVE-2024-53677 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.