If an OpenID Connect provider supports the "none" algorithm (i.e., tokens with no signature), pac4j v5.3.0 (and prior) does not refuse it without an explicit configuration on its side or for the "idtoken" response type which is not secure and violates the OpenID Core Specification. The "none" algorithm does not require any signature verification when validating the ID tokens, which allows the attacker to bypass the token validation by injecting a malformed ID token using "none" as the value of "alg" key in the header with an empty signature value.
Use CWE-347, Pac4j vendor hub and Pac4j product page to widen CVE-2021-44878 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2026-40459, CVE-2026-40458 and CVE-2019-10755 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.