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An attacker with local access to a system (either through a disk or external drive) can present a modified XFS partition to grub-legacy in such a way to exploit a memory corruption in grub’s XFS file system implementation.
Use CWE-119, Gnu vendor hub and Grub product page to widen CVE-2023-4949 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2013-4577 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.