MapServer is a system for developing web-based GIS applications. Starting in version 4.2 and prior to version 8.6.1, a heap-buffer-overflow write in MapServer’s SLD (Styled Layer Descriptor) parser lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash the MapServer process by sending a crafted SLD with more than 100 Threshold elements inside a ColorMap/Categorize structure (commonly reachable via WMS GetMap with SLD_BODY). Version 8.6.1 patches the issue.
Use CWE-787, Osgeo vendor hub and Mapserver product page to widen CVE-2026-33721 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2010-2540, CVE-2017-5522 and CVE-2025-59431 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.