stb_vorbis is a single file MIT licensed library for processing ogg vorbis files. A crafted file may trigger memory write past an allocated heap buffer in `start_decoder`. The root cause is a potential integer overflow in `sizeof(char*) * (f->comment_list_length)` which may make `setup_malloc` allocate less memory than required. Since there is another integer overflow an attacker may overflow it too to force `setup_malloc` to return 0 and make the exploit more reliable. This issue may lead to code execution.
Use CWE-787, Nothings vendor hub and Stb Vorbis.C product page to widen CVE-2023-45681 into its surrounding weakness, vendor, and product context.
Compare it with CVE-2023-47212, CVE-2023-45679 and CVE-2023-45677 for nearby disclosures in the same product family.